It's petrolignin, as in lignin. Petrolignum is a genus of aquatic crystal flora in Beta.
The general thought is that the septum makes the breathing more out the side than backwards. When flying at full speed, air currents should make it take more energy to inhale with how the butt nostril is positioned in most plents.
All the pearly parts are petrolignin, yes. As stated in the description, all exposed wood is replaced. I conceptualized it as being like a basic material replacement / alteration mutation for all exposed wood surface (which is probably distinguished from the wood surface that muscles attach to in the genes coding for what materials go where).